Posted in sermons & addresses

Lights in the World (Philippians 2:12-18)

Note: I preached this sermon on January 4, 2026 at Beacon of Hope Community Church of the Nazarene (Moon Township, PA)

Read Philippians 2:12-18 in the New English Translation (NET)

(12) So then, my dear friends, just as you have always obeyed, not only in my presence but even more in my absence, continue working out your own salvation with awe and reverence,

(13) for the one bringing forth in you both the desire and the effort – for the sake of his good pleasure – is God.

(14) Do everything without grumbling or arguing,

(15) so that you may be blameless and pure, children of God without blemish though you live in a crooked and perverse society, in which you shine as lights in the world

(16) by holding on to the word of life so that on the day of Christ I will have a reason to boast that I did not run in vain nor labor in vain.

(17) But even if I am being poured out like a drink offering on the sacrifice and service of your faith, I am glad and rejoice together with all of you.

(18) And in the same way you also should be glad and rejoice together with me.”

prayer

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INTRODUCTION

Today is the first Sunday of 2026. Many of us have faced challenges in 2025, and 2026 promises to be another year with its own share of challenges, even hardships.

When we find ourselves in that place – facing real obstacles but still hopeful – Paul’s letter to the Philippians speaks to us.

Paul didn’t pen this epistle in a comfortable palace but in a dark and chilly prison cell. Four words found in Philippians 1:13 stand out:

“I am in prison.”

It’s important, though, to read further in verse 13. There, Paul doesn’t just say “I am in prison” but he adds: “I am in prison for the sake of Christ.”

Our sovereign God is able to take the worst of our circumstances and use them to advance divine purposes in our world. Our suffering has meaning as part of a larger story, the Story of God.

Just a minute ago, we read Philippians 2:12-18. In this passage, Paul’s hardship in prison is still there in the background, but he turns now to other themes. He refuses to make his letter a “Woe is me.” Instead, good pastor that he is, his thoughts and concern – to use his words in 1:1 – turn to “all the saints in Christ Jesus who are in Philippi.”

The very fact that the early Church chose to include Paul’s letter in what we now call the New Testament is a testimony to its usefulness and timeless themes. It spoke then, and it still speaks.

Let’s look today at 3 commands that Paul gives:

  1. Work out your salvation.
  2. Be blameless and pure.
  3. Celebrate together.

WORK OUT YOUR SALVATION

Let’s not forget that Paul is writing not to an individual but to a group. He’s saying:

“Hey all y’all, work out all y’all’s salvation.”

Reuben Welch had it right when he titled his book: “We really do need each other.” John Wesley often preached on this passage, and he entitled his sermon:

“On Working Out Our Own Salvation”

Christianity is a group endeavor. No, we can’t save ourselves, but when God saves us by his grace, it is also God who enables us by his grace to continue in the walk of faith.

Look again at v. 13: “for the one bringing forth in you both the desire and the effort – for the sake of his good pleasure – is God.” The NIV is even clearer: “For it is God who works in you…”

There’s a proverb from Ghana that captures this idea of cooperation. Picture the marketplace where women are often walking with large trays of colorful goods balanced on their head. The proverb advises:

“Make up your tray then we’ll help you put it on your head.”

We do our part and God does God’s part. We work and at the same time God works inside us, by the power of the Holy Spirit.

The New English Translation captures the ongoing nature of salvation. The end of Philippians 2:12 reads: “…continue working our your salvation with awe and reverence.”

A ten year old might speak of giving her heart to Jesus at a Vacation Bible School when she was five years old, and the church says “Amen!” But if that same girl – now a grown woman of 50 – shares just that testimony and nothing new from the 45 years afterward, everyone will wonder: What has God been up to in your life since then?”

The Disney film “Finding Dory” has good advice: “Keep swimming.”

God saved me; God is saving me; God will save me.

Past, present, and future – That’s relationship. It started at some point, it’s still deepening, and one day our faith will be sight.

Work out your salvation.

BE BLAMELESS AND PURE

After talking about salvation, Paul gets really practical. Let’s read v. 14 – “Do everything without grumbling or arguing.”

Why? See verse 15: “so that you may be blameless and pure, children of God without blemish…”

Here we find the second command. Not only are we to work out our salvation, but we also are to be blameless and pure.

Don’t grumble. Don’t argue.

Some English words sound like what they are: “mur-mur” “back-biting”

Our children were pretty contented kids growing up, but occasionally like all children they would gripe about this-or-that. That’s when we’d jokingly say:

“Would you like some cheese with your WHINE?”

Or maybe if a young child falls at the playground and it’s apparent they’re not hurt but just tearfully seeking attention from their grown-ups, we ask:

“Should I call the WAM-bulance?”

We all laugh and they go back to playing with the other children, none worse for the wear.

There will be scrapes and bruises. After all, Paul never asks us to physically withdraw from this world, but he does admonish us to live clean lives despite the crooked and perverse influences around us.

In 1987, Tipper Gore entitled her book: “Raising PG kids in an X-rated society.”

Sometimes we glorify “the old days,” but that book is now almost 40 years old. The more things change, the more they stay the same. Being Christlike is a challenge in every generation. Christians are still called to be salt and light, to “change the world” as the saying would have it, but I wonder:

Instead of changing the world, has the world changed us?

Yes, the world can be dark, but Jesus, the Light of the World, turned to his listeners and said: “You are the light of the world” (Matthew 5:14). Perhaps Paul had the Lord’s words in-mind when he reminded the Philippians in v. 15 that “you shine as lights in the world.” And how is it that we shine? How is it that we, as followers of Jesus, stand out in the moral darkness around us? There it is in verse 16: “by holding on to the word of life…”

Let’s face it: To be blameless and pure in our day-and-age is to be counter-cultural. To do that, to really shine God’s light, a passing knowledge of the Bible won’t do. What’s more, we can’t just cherry-pick the promises of God and ignore the Bible’s tougher teachings, which include what F.F. Bruce used to call “the hard sayings of Jesus.”

Dietrick Bonhoeffer ministered as a Lutheran pastor in Germany during the Second World War. After he was involved in a plot to assassinate Adolf Hitler, the Nazis eventually marched the pastor to a scaffold. They hung him naked just a few days before the Allied forces liberated the prison camp where Bonhoeffer was captive. Earlier, Bonhoeffer famously wrote:

“When Jesus calls a man, he bids him come and die.”

To be blameless and pure in any generation involves sacrifice. Paul said in v. 17 that he was being “poured out like a drink offering on the sacrifice and service of your faith.”

That’s hardly a popular message in an age when we don’t want to know what we can do for God. We want to know what God can do for me. Nonetheless, sacrifice is a message we must hear again because it lies at the heart of our Cross-based faith.

CELEBRATE TOGETHER

Paul instructs us: Work out your salvation. Secondly, he calls us to be blameless and pure, holding on to the word of life. Finally, the apostle insists: Celebrate together.

In verse 17, Paul lightens the mood. From the somber image of sacrifice upon an altar, he pivots to celebration:

“I am glad and rejoice together with all of you,” he writes. “And in the same way you also should be glad and rejoice together with me.”

As a hospital chaplain, I quickly learned that there’s a lot of pain on the various wards. It’s the man who sits in the darkness, refusing to turn on his light as week-after-week he waits for a heart transplant. It’s the young parents tearfully processing the devastating news that their 6 month old baby boy has a terminal brain tumor. The pain goes on-and-on, and as a chaplain, I quickly learned to mostly just sit in silence with people who suffered, to “bear witness” as my chaplain mentor called it.

Yet I remember the day when sitting with someone in sadness became a lesson misapplied – good practice, wrong moment.

My mentor and I visited with a man in his early 20’s who had fought cancer for many months. On that day, however, he’d received positive news. The latest test showed that his cancer was in remission! And that’s where I went wrong. Instead of pausing in that moment and rejoicing with him, I pivoted back to the overall journey, back to the hard parts, back to the sadness. Later, my mentor corrected me in private:

“Greg, make sure to celebrate what there is to celebrate.”

Yes, wrote Paul, he was being poured out like a drink offering, yet even then, Paul says: “Rejoice with me!” He would not let the sadness consume the joy.

So I ask you: Despite the tough times, what do we have to celebrate today?

We lived to see 2026. Praise the Lord!

We have a roof over our heads and enough to live on today, to meet our needs. Celebrate!

We have people who love us and care for us, including this church family. Thank you, Jesus!

To celebrate is not to deny the reality of our hardships, but it is a joyful acknowledgment – lest we forget – of what is going well.

There’s an old saying: “I’d rather laugh with the sinners than cry with the saints.” Singer Billy Joel then added: “The sinners are much more fun.”

But the apostle Paul’s having none of it. He writes: “Rejoice together with me.” In 2026, let’s rediscover the joy of our salvation.

CONCLUSION

Our sermon title today is “Lights in the World.” Are you ready to shine in the new year? To shine, let’s…

  1. Work out our salvation together;
  2. Be blameless and pure, holding on to the word of life;
  3. Celebrate together.

-Transition to Holy Communion-

Posted in Uncategorized

Feelings in a pandemic

If I had titled this essay before August 2019, I would have chosen the title “Thoughts in a pandemic.” But I’m a hospital student chaplain this year, and “thoughts” seemed too cerebral. With the novel corona virus raging, it has stirred up emotions in me, feelings like fear, sadness, anxiety, dread, and disorientation.

When I get scared, portions of Scripture calm me. Isaiah 41:10 (NLT) assures:

Don’t be afraid, for I am with you. Don’t be discouraged, for I am your God. I will strengthen and help you. I will hold you up with my victorious right hand.

Some Christians find comfort in the “God is in control” mantra. The problem with that statement is that with total control comes total responsibility. But I don’t hold God responsible for COVID-19 because that kind of a sadistic God doesn’t fit who Jesus is, and Jesus is the perfect revelation of the Father (John 14:9). God is not the cause of this pandemic nor of the various sicknesses I see in patients I visit at the hospital. But what I do hold God responsible for is coming alongside us in the middle of our suffering, strengthening us, and helping us through. That’s the take-away from Isaiah 41. God is with us! The LORD will sustain us; God will help us in the middle of the storm.

Take a deep breath. Slowly let it out. Are you afraid today? God is on your side. Inhale his love and compassion; exhale your anxiety. All will be well.

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Image credit

Pablo Jarrín / CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)

Posted in eschatology, sermons & addresses

What difference does the Resurrection make?

sunriseNote to reader: I preached this sermon on Sunday, April 1, 2018 at University Church of the Nazarene on the campus of Africa Nazarene University, Ongata-Rongai, Kenya.

Unless otherwise noted, all Scripture quotations are from the Common English Bible.

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Scripture reading: Acts 2:22-36 (CEB)

–prayer–

I. INTRODUCTION

Christ is risen! [He is risen indeed]. Several times today, we’ve repeated those words. But what would we say to a child who asks: “What difference does the resurrection make?” By the end of this messsage, we’ll know the answer to that question.

II. LIGHT ALWAYS FOLLOWS DARKNESS

Traditions have grown up around Easter that have little to do with the meaning of the day. The word “Easter” itself is of obscure origin. It may have come from an old English word referring to the goddess of Spring.

As a child, Easter meant wearing new clothes, a special outfit bought just for the day. Easter was also the day for the Easter Bunny who would deliver chocolates in a basket that we had to find hidden somewhere in the house. Or maybe there was an Easter egg hunt, children dashing about, looking for colored eggs.

These activities are fun for children but have little to do with the meaning of this day. And so instead of “Easter” we often now simply say “Resurrection Sunday.” For Christians, Resurrection Sunday is the surprise ending in a story that could have turned out much different, much darker. The joy and celebration of our living Christ is only meaningful when you linger at the foot of the Cross and behold the shame of a naked, lifeless Jesus. Only then does our Lord – clothed in glory and majesty, powerful and alive – stand magnificent in contrast. The bright light of Resurrection Morning is to us so precious because we have known the utter darkness of Holy Saturday.

And so here is the first answer to the question, “What difference does the Resurrection make?” It gives us hope that no matter how dark our lives may seem, light always follows darkness. The words of the song by Bill and Gloria Gaither ring true:

Hold on, my child!

Joy comes in the morning.

Weeping only lasts for the night.

Hold on, my child!

Joy comes in the morning.

The darkest hour means dawn

Is just in sight.

Christ is risen! [He is risen, indeed!]

Continue reading “What difference does the Resurrection make?”

Posted in book reviews

Exposing the prosperity Gospel heresy

woodbridgeHeresy (false teaching) often arises when one aspect of the truth is emphasized so much – or tweaked in such a way – that other counter-balancing truths disappear. When it comes to the so-called prosperity Gospel, that truth is simple:

God cares for you.

Jesus certainly teaches this in the Sermon on the Mount (Matthew 5-7). We are of more value to God than the lilies of the field or the birds of the air.

Yet while Jesus talks about basic provision, preachers of the prosperity message go beyond needs to desires. In so doing, they shift the center away from God, putting humans and our wants and wishes for success and wealth at the center. In the end, it is no longer Gospel – good news – but for those disillusioned by its unfulfilled promises, it is bad news, a modified strain of Christian faith that leaves little room for sin, repentance, the Cross, or the place of hardship and suffering in the Christian life.

This is the most important take-away from David Jones’ and Russell Woodbridge’s Health, Wealth & Happiness: Has the Prosperity Gospel Overshadowed the Gospel of Christ? (Kregel, 2011; Kindle edition). The authors identify their subject:

This gospel has been given many names, such as the “name it and claim it” gospel, the “blab it and grab it” gospel, the “health and wealth” gospel, the “word of faith” movement, the “gospel of success,” “positive confession theology,”and, as this book will refer to it, the “prosperity gospel.” No matter what name is used, the teaching is the same. This egocentric gospel teaches that God wants believers to be materially prosperous in the here-and-now (location 118, italics added).

Particularly enlightening was chapter 1. There, Jones and Woodbridge summarize the teachings of the  New Thought Movement. New Thought gained some popularity in U.S. in the late 19th century and first half of the 20th century. Its proponents included Emanuel Phineas Quimby, Ralph Waldo Trine and Norman Vincent Peale (among others). Explaining what the authors call the “five pillars” of New Thought – a distorted view of God, elevation of mind over matter, exalted view of humankind, focus on health/wealth, and a unorthodox view of salvation – the authors make a convincing case that today’s prosperity preachers have recycled many of New Thought’s dubious ideas, including the importance of speaking words to make things come to be. This seems dangerously close to the use of magical incantations.

Though the authors are unafraid to critique the teaching of prosperity preachers – Joel Osteen receives special scrutiny – I appreciated that the book did more than just point out what is wrong with the prosperity message. In the second half of the book, they construct a positive and biblical alternative, including an excellent chapter on the biblical theology of giving.

There are ways in which the book left me unsatisfied. While Jones and Woodbridge rightly debunk the misinterpretation of the “by his wounds you have been healed” slogan (Isaiah 53:5, 1 Peter 2:24 – see location 720), this overlooks that there is a legitimate doctrine of divine healing in Scripture expounded in passages like James 5. Since the word “health” appears in the title of their book, the reader is justified in expecting at least a few more pages to present a more balanced and comprehensive biblical view of the issue. Unfortunately, what they did well when it comes to giving they fail to attempt on the question of health.

A second unquestioned assumption is that all pastors are male. An example of this gender bias appears at location 1708: “An elder or pastor can reasonably expect support from the church that he serves.” Since the authors are from a Baptist background, at one level, their word choice is unsurprising since many Baptists reject the ordination of women. However, a little effort could have avoided this distraction by choosing gender-neutral wording, i.e. “A elder or pastor can reasonably expect congregational support.”  Since the authors are sensitive to the use of gender-inclusive language elsewhere in the book, including the use of the word “humankind” instead of “man” (locations 178, 187, 306), one wishes they had been consistent.

The prosperity message is not just a North American phenomenon but has gained traction elsewhere in the world, including across Africa, introducing an incomplete and shallow version of Christian faith. As diseases like Ebola have ravaged parts of West Africa, one church leader on the ground observed that prosperity teachers have been notably silent. Is this because their message cannot stand up under the sobering realities of pain and suffering? Health, Wealth and Happiness is a well-written book that will open the eyes of many around the world who have bought into a skewed and superficial prosperity message that – though alluring – offers little comfort in the crucible of life.

Posted in missions & evangelism

Comfort or hardscrabble? Comparative views on evil and suffering

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Young boys in the Muthare slum of Nairobi, Kenya

If you want to chew up a church in America, hire a missionary who has just returned from Africa. When you’ve witnessed abject poverty and the resilient spirit of many who live in it, you may be tempted to ask a well-off U.S. church member complaining about petty things:

Would you like a little cheese with your whine?

As a theology teacher, I often include a section on theodicy in courses I teach pastors here in Africa. Theodicy is the doctrine of evil and suffering, especially attempts to justify God whom we believe – despite all evidence to the contrary – is both Almighty and good. It’s the old question, “Why do bad things happen to good people?” But I’ve noticed across the years that theodicy doesn’t cause the angst in my African adult students that it causes in me. In fact, I’ve yet to come across a book written by an African theologian on that topic, though it’s a perennial favorite among American Christians, including the latest by Pastor Tim Keller, Walking with God Through Pain and Suffering (2013).

Why is this the case?

Many Americans I know (including myself) are accustomed to comfort, growing angry at God when difficulties unexpectedly arise. In contrast, many Africans I know are accustomed to a hardscrabble life and praise God heartily when they receive unanticipated blessings.

My wife and I went to the Muthare slum in Nairobi for church a few years ago. Eighty of us were packed tightly into a small room with a tin roof and a dirt floor. We sat on wooden benches in their humble church. At the end of the service, they wanted to celebrate Christmas early since the children in their church-run primary school were at the end of their term and would soon scatter. Two women brought out a white 12″x 12″ frosted cake. Before that day, I wouldn’t have thought it possible to cut such a small confection into eighty slices, but they masterfully pulled it off, gingerly wrapping each morsel in a napkin and passing it to the children. The young ones’ eyes lit up in delight at the sugary treat! I thought how as boys my five brothers and I easily devoured a birthday cake twice that size and with a fraction of the gratitude that those Kenyan children showed.

What was the difference? My brothers and I expected comfort as life’s default setting and so took cake for granted. As for Muthare churchgoers, they seemed to expect tough times as the norm and so were elated to find an exception to the rule.

Regarding theodicy, the apostle Peter lived closer to the dominant African view than the dominant American one. In 1 Peter 4:12-13 he writes:

Dear friends, do not be surprised at the fiery ordeal that has come on you to test you, as through something strange were happening to you. But rejoice inasmuch as you participate in the sufferings of Christ, so that you may be overjoyed when his glory is revealed (TNIV, italics added).

How can I who have received so much so easily fall into a complaining mode? My prayer is that God will help me to see the world with new eyes, as a place where tough times are normal and good times are a serendipity. Then, let me as I am able and directed by God’s prompting, be a channel of God’s good gifts.

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Photo credit: Journey of Hope

Posted in ecclesiology & sacraments, sermons & addresses

What is a Nazarene? (preceded by the case of the secret panel)

Greg discovers Tracy & Ingersol's What is a Nazarene? at a Johannesburg secondhand bookshop
Greg discovers Tracy & Ingersol’s What is a Nazarene? at a Johannesburg secondhand bookshop

Note: This sermon inaugurated a series entitled “Christian, Holiness, Missional: Core Values in the Church of the Nazarene” at the Maraisburg Church of the Nazarene in Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa. What follows is not a word-for-word transcript, but captures the essence of what I said.

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Opening remarks

It’s  a joy for Amy and me to be with you today. We’ve visited several churches in Johannesburg area, and knew when we worshiped with you that this would be our church home.

When I was a boy, for a period of about 10 years, my family traveled around to various churches and gave Gospel concerts. Looking at this building this morning, which used to belong to a Dutch Reformed congregation, I’m reminded of one of those concerts in Marion, New York. We sang at the Dutch Reformed church, and as usual, set up our sound equipment on the platform prior to the concert. Some of you who know sound equipment might remember high impedance systems. One curious thing about them was the microphone cords couldn’t be longer than 15 feet, or you would lose signal. Because of this, my dad that Sunday morning had to stretch the microphone cords about 4 feet high across the paneled wall at the back of the platform to plug into the amplifier.

My older brother, Mark – probably 11 or 12 at the time – was an avid reader of the Hardy Boys detective series. One of the books was entitled “The Case of the Secret Panel.” As we sat listening to the organist play the prelude, and the congregation filtered in, Mark looked at that front panel where the microphone cords were stretched taut. “Dad,” he said, “I think there’s a secret panel on that wall.” My dad rolled his eyes and said: “Mark, I think you’re reading too many Hardy Boys books.”

Strangely, we hadn’t seen the pastor in a while. All of the sudden, can you believe it? A panel in that platform back wall opened up, and out came the pastor. When he saw the cords there, much to the delight of the congregation, he nimbly hurdled them like an Olympic champion!

I want you to know this morning that I’ve checked the paneled back wall here at Maraisburg church, and I can assure you that there is no secret panel.

SCRIPTURE READING: 1 Peter 4:12-19 (TNIV)

– Prayer –

I.  INTRODUCTION

Today, we begin a series on the core values of the Church of the Nazarene.

That’s a fancy way of answering the question: What is a Nazarene?

You may have seen the booklet a few years back, authored by the General Superintendents of the Church of the Nazarene. Here’s how they answered that question, “What is a Nazarene?”

Nazarenes are…

1) Christian

2) Holiness

3) Missional

In coming weeks, Pastor Kenneth and other preachers will address the second and third points. Today, we’ll look at the first one:

What does it mean to say we are Christian?

Continue reading “What is a Nazarene? (preceded by the case of the secret panel)”